Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors are required to carefully read the Instructions for Authors before submitting their manuscripts and ensure that all requirements are strictly followed. Compliance with the journal’s ethical standards is mandatory for all submissions.

Manuscript Submission

The Journal of Biotechnology and Sustainability (JBS) accepts manuscripts only through online submission via the Open Journal System (OJS):

https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/JBS

Each submission must be accompanied by a cover letter that includes:

• The title of the manuscript

• Full names of all authors

• A statement explaining the novelty and significance of the research compared with existing knowledge

• The names of three suggested international reviewers, including their title, institutional affiliation, postal address, and email address

Suggested reviewers must have no conflicts of interest with the authors or the submitted manuscript. Members of the journal’s editorial board should not be suggested as reviewers.

Submission of a manuscript implies that:

• The work is original and has not been previously published, except as a thesis, report, or conference abstract.

• The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.

• All authors have approved the submitted version and any revisions.

• All listed authors have made significant contributions to the research and manuscript preparation.

• All authors accept responsibility for the scientific quality, accuracy, and ethical integrity of the work.

Preparing the Manuscript

Manuscripts must be written in clear, grammatically correct English (U.S. style). Authors whose first language is not English are strongly encouraged to use professional language editing services before submission.

All submissions are subject to plagiarism screening. Manuscripts with a similarity index above 30% may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.

Manuscripts must be prepared according to the journal template, including formatting, section structure, reference style, and figure quality.

Manuscript Length

• Original research articles: 4,000–9,000 words (including tables and figures)

• Short communications: approximately 2,500 words

• Review articles: accepted with flexible length depending on content

The abstract must be written in the past tense and contain 150–200 words.

Authors should use standard scientific terminology consistently and avoid unnecessary abbreviations, undefined symbols, or excessive citations in the abstract.

Manuscript Structure

For research articles, manuscripts should be organized in the following order:

1. Title

2. Author(s) Information

3. Abstract

4. Keywords (arranged alphabetically)

5. Introduction

6. Materials and Methods

7. Results and Discussion

8. Conclusion

9. Acknowledgements

10. Author Contributions

11. Conflicts of Interest

12. References

For review articles and short communications, some flexibility in section organization is permitted.

Formatting Requirements

The manuscript must be prepared using the following format:

• Paper size: A4 (210 × 297 mm)

• Layout: single column

• Font: Times New Roman

• Font size: 12 pt

• Line spacing: 1.15 for the main text

• Abstract spacing: single-spaced

Margins:

• Top: 3 cm

• Bottom: 2.54 cm

• Left: 2.54 cm

• Right: 2.54 cm

Tables and figures may use 11 pt font size if necessary.

Manuscripts must be prepared using Microsoft Word-compatible formats (.doc or .rtf).

Manuscript Style Checklist

Authors should ensure the following formatting standards are applied:

• Scientific names (including subspecies and varieties) must be italicized.

• Full scientific names must be written at first mention.

• Genus names may be abbreviated after the first mention (e.g., Rhizopus oryzae → R. oryzae).

• Chemical and biochemical nomenclature must follow IUPAC–IUB standards.

• DNA sequences should be written using Courier New font.

• Abbreviations must be defined at first mention.

• All measurements must follow SI units.

• Unit abbreviations (g, mg, mL, etc.) should not be followed by periods.

• Use negative exponents (e.g., m⁻², L⁻¹, h⁻¹) instead of “per”.

• Mathematical equations may be presented separately from the main text.

• Numbers one to ten should be written in words unless used with measurements.

• Numbers above ten should be written numerically.

• Fractions should be written in decimal form.

• Use the symbol “%” instead of the word “percent”.

Authors should use clear, concise, and precise language, avoiding unnecessary complexity.

Title

The title should clearly reflect the content of the manuscript and preferably not exceed 20 words.

Formatting:

• Times New Roman

• 16 pt

Author Information

Author names should be written in full, including first and last names.

Institutional affiliations must include:

• Department or institution name

• Full address

• Postal code

• Country

For multi-author manuscripts, the corresponding author must be indicated with an asterisk (*) and include an email address.

Formatting:

• Author names: Times New Roman, 10 pt

• Affiliations: Times New Roman, 9 pt

Abstract

The abstract must provide a concise and accurate summary of the research, including:

• Research background or problem

• Methods

• Key results

• Main conclusions

The abstract must:

• Be written in past tense

• Contain 150–200 words

• Be self-contained

• Avoid citations or references

Formatting: Times New Roman, 12 pt, single-spaced.

Keywords

Provide approximately five keywords arranged alphabetically.

Introduction

The introduction should begin with a general background of the research topic and gradually narrow down to the specific research problem addressed in the study.

The section should end with a clear statement of the research objectives.

Materials and Methods

This section should describe the research design, materials, procedures, and data analysis methods in sufficient detail to allow replication.

Results and Discussion

Results should be clearly presented and interpreted in relation to the research objectives and existing literature.

Authors should critically discuss patterns, relationships, and comparisons with previous studies.

Conclusion

The conclusion should be concise and directly related to the research findings.

Acknowledgements

This section may acknowledge individuals, institutions, or funding bodies that supported the research.

Figures and Tables

Figures and tables should be clearly presented and limited to a maximum of three pages.

• Figure titles appear below the figure.

• Table titles appear above the table.

• Figures and tables must be numbered consecutively.

Images must be submitted in JPG or TIFF format with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Charts should be submitted in MS Excel format with the original data files.

References

The journal uses the author–year citation system (APA style).

Examples of in-text citation:

• Author1 and Author2 (2006)

• (Author1 2003a; Author2 2004; Author5 et al. 2008)

Authors are encouraged to use reference management software such as EndNote, Mendeley, or Zotero.

Proofreading and Publication

Uncorrected proofs will be sent to the corresponding author by email for the correction of typographical errors.

To avoid delays in publication, authors must return the corrected proofs within seven days.

Accepted manuscripts will be published online on a rolling basis and compiled into the journal issue.